卵巢早衰患者血清抑制素B、抗苗勒管激素及性激素水平与子宫动脉血流参数的相关性研究

目的:探讨卵巢早衰(POF)患者血清抑制素B(INHB)、抗苗勒管激素(AMH)及性激素水平与子宫动脉血流参数的相关性。方法:选择2018年5月至2020年5月期间我院收治的126例POF患者(POF组)和同期于我院进行体检的85例健康女性志愿者(对照组)。检测所有研究对象血清INHB、AMH以及促黄体生成素(LH)、促卵泡激素(FSH)、雌二醇(E2)水平,经阴道多普勒超声检测子宫动脉血流参数[收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、舒张末期流速(EDV),血流阻力指数(RI)、搏动指数(PI)]。Pearson相关性分析POF患者血清INHB、AMH、LH、FSH、E2水平与PSV、EDV、RI、PI的相关性。结果:POF组血清INHB、AMH、E2水平、PSV、EDV低于对照组(P<0.05),LH、FSH水平、RI、PI高于对照组(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示POF患者血清INHB、AMH、E2水平与PSV、EDV呈正相关(P<0.05),与RI、PI呈负相关(P<0.05),LH、FSH与PSV、EDV呈负相关(P<0.05),与RI、PI呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论:POF患者血清INHB、AMH、E2水平降低,LH、FSH水平升高,血清INHB、AMH和性激素与子宫动脉血流受限有关。     

Genetic and physical fine mapping of a multilocular gene Bjln1 in Brassica juncea to a 208-kb region

Most of the germplasm resources in Brassica juncea produce silique with only two locules, whereas a few varieties can produce silique with three or four locules. The increase in locule number in B. juncea has been shown to cause an increase in the number of seeds per silique, resulting in an increase in the yield per plant. Thus, the development of high-locule-number varieties may be an effective way of improving the yield of B. juncea. Duoshi, a B. juncea landrace originating from the Qinghai–Tibetan plateau, produces silique with 3–4 locules. Genetic analysis has shown that the high-locule-number trait in Duoshi is determined by two recessive genes, tentatively designated as Bjln1 and Bjln2. For fine mapping of the Bjln1 gene, a BC3 population was developed from the cross between Duoshi (multilocular parent) and Xinjie (bilocular parent). Using a combination of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and bulked segregant analysis, only two AFLP markers linked to Bjln1 were identified. Preliminary linkage analysis showed that the two AFLP markers were located on the same side of Bjln1. Blast analysis revealed that the sequences of the two AFLP markers had homologues on Scaffold000019 at the bottom of B. rapa A7. Using the results of linkage analysis and BlastN searches, simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were subsequently developed based on the sequence information from B. rapa A7. Seven SSR markers were eventually identified, of which ln 8 was co-segregated with Bjln1. ln 7 and ln 9, the closest flanking markers, were mapped at 2.0 and 0.4 cM distant from the Bjln1 gene, respectively. The SSR markers were cloned, sequenced and mapped on A7 of B. rapa (corresponding to J7 in the A genome of B. juncea). The two closest flanking markers, ln 7 and ln 9, were mapped within a 208-kb genomic region on B. rapa A7, in which the Bjln1 gene might be included. The present study may facilitate cloning of the Bjln1 gene as well as the selection process for developing multilocular varieties in B. juncea by marker-assisted selection and genetic engineering.     

Transcriptome and weighted correlation network analyses provide insights into inflorescence stem straightness in Paeonia lactiflora

Plant Molecular Biology - Lack of structural components results in inflorescence stem bending. Differentially expressed genes involved in lignin and hemicellulose biosynthesis are vital; genes...     

藏鹀的自然历史、威胁和保护

藏鹀(Emberiza koslowi)是我国青藏高原东部的特有珍稀鸟种,目前关于它的资料非常匮乏.为了解藏鹀的分布、数量和基本生活史特征,促进对于该物种的有效保护,自2005年起以青海省果洛州久治县白玉乡为中心对藏鹀进行了持续6年的观察,并针对其面临的威胁采取了相应的保护措施.结果显示,藏鹀主要分布在青海的玉树、果洛和四川的阿坝一带海拔3 500～4 700 m范围内的适宜栖息地,该分布区比原有认知更靠东北,更为狭小且海拔更高.用样线法开展的藏鹀数量监测,在7.4 km2的调查范围内记录到一个18 ～33只的稳定种群.此外,还对藏鹀的筑巢、育雏和争斗等行为进行了详细描述.食肉动物的捕食、冬季食物缺乏和牲畜踩踏鸟卵是藏鹀面临的最直接威胁.通过持续监测、与当地牧民协商、建立保护小区并开展有针对性的保护,藏鹀种群趋于稳定.     

农地保护的外部效益测算——选择实验法在武汉市的应用

农地保护的外部效益是农地保护补偿政策制定的依据.对外部效益进行了理论界定和实证测算,认为农地保护的外部效益是农村集体和农地使用者以外个体从农地保护中得到的收益,通常是非市场收益,对其测算应区分外部效益的内部(外部效益发出者)和外部(外部效益接受者),并确定外部区域的范围.实证利用选择实验模型对武汉市5个区域进行了支付意愿测算,在内外部划分的基础上估算了武汉市农地保护的外部效益并比较了不同方法下外部效益测算结果的差别.结果表明,武汉市耕地、园地、林地和农村水面的外部效益分别为30773.2,653860.0,119267.0和82472.7元/hm2;用行政区域直接代替外部性影响区域的做法会使耕地外部效益的测算结果偏高,也会造成园地、林地和农村水面测算的误差,为避免这类误差,外部性测算及相关补偿、税费政策应考虑内外部区域的划分.     

基于高分辨率遥感影像的森林地上生物量估算

以南京市紫金山林区为研究区,利用e-Cognition面向对象分类方法,基于光谱和空间信息融合后的IKONOS影像提取单木树冠阳性冠幅(PoCA, Positive crown area)信息,并结合野外实测的样方生物量数据,分别建立了针叶林和阔叶林地上生物量 (AGB, Aboveground Biomass)的遥感估算模型,并利用实测森林生物量数据对模型进行了验证。结果表明,基于遥感影像提取的PoCA与实测AGB存在较好的非线性相关关系,所建针叶林AGB估算模型的可靠性优于阔叶林模型。对建模样本而言,估算的针叶林和阔叶林AGB与观测数据比较的R2分别为0.62 (P<0.01,n=9) 和0.56(P<0.01,n=16)。验证表明,所建AGB估算模型的可靠性较好,估算的针叶林和阔叶林AGB与观测数据比较的R2分别为0.55(P<0.01,n=6) 和0.52(P<0.01,n=10),但当AGB较低时,模型结果偏高,AGB较低时,模型结果偏低。研究说明通过高分辨率遥感数据的融合、提取树冠信息进行生物量估算是可行性的。     

吐鲁番市胃食管反流病发生相关危险因素分析（附280例报道）

目的：探讨280例胃食管反流病（GERD）的分布特点及危险因素。方法：对临床诊断和胃镜确诊的280例GERD患者进行临床和风险因子相关性分析。结果：不论汉族还是维族,男性患者比例均明显高于女性;汉族患者高发年龄段早于维族患者（z=-2．939,P=0．003,）;汉族和维族患者占反流性食管炎和Barrett食管比例分别为42．4％、81_3％及56．5％、18．8％,其中汉族患者Barrett食管比例较高（X2=14．358,P=0．000）;肥胖、习惯性便秘、重体力活动者、饮食习惯不良在维族患者中的比例较高（P〈0．001）。结论：GERD与性别、年龄密切相关,男性多于女性,汉族患者发病年龄高峰旱于维族患者;汉族患者Barrett食管发生比例高于维族患者;肥胖、习惯性便秘、重体力活动、饮食习惯不良可能是GERD尤其是维族人群GERD的危险因素。     

Gene expression profiles in different stem internodes reveal the genetic regulation of primary and secondary stem development in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Betula platyphylla</Emphasis>

Secondary growth of stems is an important process for the radial increase of trees. To gain an insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying stem development from primary to secondary growth and to provide information for molecular research and breeding in Betula platyphylla (birch), the gene expression profiles of material from the first, third, and fifth internodes (IN) of 3-month-old seedlings were analyzed. Compared with the first IN, 177 genes were up-regulated and 157 genes down-regulated in the third IN; in the fifth IN, 180 genes were up-regulated and 275 genes were down-regulated. The expressions of 24 genes were up-regulated and 6 genes were down-regulated in the fifth IN relative to the third IN. The differentially expressed genes were annotated as having roles in cambium, xylem, and phloem development and formation; including cell wall expansion, cellulose biosynthesis, lignin biosynthesis and deposition, xylem extension, cell wall modification, and growth hormone responses. The expressions of genes related to cell wall expansion and cellulose biosynthesis in the primary cell wall were down-regulated in the third and fifth IN relative to the first IN. Genes involved in lignin biosynthesis, xylem extension, and cellulose synthesis in the secondary cell wall were up-regulated in the third and fifth IN relative to the first IN. These results described the patterns of gene expression during stem development in birch and provided candidate genes for further functional characterization.     

基于网络药理学的杜仲-山茱萸配伍治疗糖尿病的作用机制

为探讨杜仲-山茱萸治疗糖尿病的作用机制。研究利用网络药理学的方法,首先通过中药系统药理学数据库筛选出杜仲和山茱萸的活性成分和相关靶点,再利用DisGeNET、DrugBank等数据库筛选出糖尿病的潜在靶点。以STRING数据库对活性靶点构建蛋白互作网络(PPI)分析,采用Cytoscape3.7.0软件绘制其“成分-靶点-通路”的相互作用网络,通过CludterProfiler对靶蛋白进行生物过程、细胞组分及分子功能分析;京都基因与基因组(KEGG)的代谢通路分析。实验结果筛选得到杜仲-山茱萸有效成分30个,其中槲皮素、山奈酚、β-谷甾醇等成分对PTGS2、DPP4、ADRB2、PPARG等相关靶点通过IL-17信号通路、钙信号通路、脂肪细胞脂解的调控等参与氮化合物代谢过程、血液循环、脂肪细胞分化和血压调节等过程。综上,杜仲-山茱萸配伍治疗糖尿病存在多成分和多重药理作用机制,为进一步研究其治疗糖尿病药理实验提供了参考,也为其他中药的相关研究提供借鉴和参考。     

Successful embryo transfer in Tianzhu white yak using standard protocol

The present study was carried out to investigate the efficiency of superovulation, oestrus synchroni-zation, and embryo recovery in Tianzhu white yaks and also to confirm the pregnancy rate of black yaks, to which embryos collected from white yaks were transplanted. Forty-seven yaks were selected from different experiment groups, including 10 Tianzhu white female yaks (donor, group A) and 37 black female yaks (recipient, groups B and C). Superovulation of the donor was induced by the application procedure of CIDR-B FSH PG. Oestrus synchronization of recipients was induced using two meth-ods: group B was given the same treatment as group A, except that the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) injection was not administered, whereas group C was injected with cloprostenol only once when corpus luteum (corpora lutea) was (were) palpated. The results showed that the oestrous rates in group A were higher (80%) than those in group B (60%) and group C (44.5%). As for the efficiency of su-perovulation, it was indicated that the mean numbers (±SD) of total corpora lutea, follicles, viable (transferable), and degenerated embryos were 4.75 ± 2.19, 1.13 ± 0.83, 2.50 ± 1.31, and 1.38 ± 0.92, re-spectively. The mean embryo recovery rates were 55.6%. All together, 18 viable embryos of Tianzhu white yak were obtained and 12 of them were transplanted to 10 recipients. The pregnancy rate was 50% and the delivery rate was 40%.